Leisure time第六期

一、News Spot Light

1、The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was announced

2022年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓

In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, Anton Zeilinger, in recognition of their experiments with entangled photons, which established the violation of Bell's inequality and created quantum information science.

2022年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予科学家阿兰·阿斯佩，约翰·弗朗西斯·克劳泽和安东·塞林格，以表彰他们“用纠缠光子进行的实验，建立了贝尔不等式的违反，并开创了量子信息科学”。

The three scientists conducted groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states. In an entangled quantum state, even if two particles are separated, they also behave like a single unit. Their research results have cleared the way for new technologies based on quantum information.

这三位科学家使用纠缠量子态进行了开创性的实验，在纠缠量子态中，即使两个粒子分离，它们也表现得像一个单独的单元。他们的研究结果为基于量子信息的新技术扫清了道路。

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said their work laid the foundation for a new era of quantum technology.

瑞典皇家科学院表示，他们的工作为量子技术的新时代奠定了基础。

In addition, the prize of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2022 will be SEK 10 million, which will be shared equally by the winners.

此外，2022年的诺贝尔物理学奖的奖金为一千万瑞典克朗，由获奖者平分。

2、Bosnia and Herzegovina elects members of the new Bureau

波黑选出新一届主席团成员

According to the latest vote counting results released by the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zhelika Zvijanovic, Dennis Betcherovic and Zheliko Kommcic were elected as members of the Serbian, Bosniak and Croatian presidium of Bosnia and Herzegovina respectively.

根据波黑中央选举委员会公布的最新计票结果，热莉卡·茨维亚诺维奇、丹尼斯·贝契罗维奇与热利科·科姆希奇分别当选波黑主席团的塞尔维亚族、波什尼亚克族与克罗地亚族成员。

In accordance with the Bosnia and Herzegovina electoral law, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is composed of three members, representing Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats, of which Bosniaks and Croats are elected in the Muk Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbs elected in the Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

根据波黑选举法，波黑主席团由三名成员组成，分别代表塞尔维亚族、波什尼亚克族与克罗地亚族，其中波什尼亚克族和克罗地亚族成员在波黑穆克联邦选举产生，塞尔维亚族成员在波黑塞族共和国选举产生。

General elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina are held every four years. Under the Dayton Peace Agreement signed in 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of two autonomous entities, the Muque Federation and the Republika Srpska. The main population of the Muk Federation is Bosniaks and Croats, and the Republika Srpska is mainly composed of Serbs.

波黑大选每四年举行一次。根据1995年签署的《代顿和平协议》，波黑由两个自治实体组成，即穆克联邦和塞族共和国。穆克联邦主要人口为波什尼亚克族和克罗地亚族，塞族共和国主要由塞尔维亚族组成。

二、Book in Your Life

1、Decameron

《十日谈》

Decameron is a collection of short stories by the Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio, which tells the story of 1348, when the plague epidemic in Florence, Italy, took refuge in a villa in the countryside. They feasted all day, each telling a story a day, and lived for 10 days to tell a hundred stories that criticized the Catholic Church, ridiculed the Church for teaching darkness and sin, praised love as a source of talent and noble sentiments, condemned asceticism, ruthlessly exposed and lashed out at the depravity and corruption of the feudal nobility, and embodied humanistic thought.

《十日谈》是意大利作家乔万尼·薄伽丘创作的短篇小说集,该作讲述1348年，意大利佛罗伦萨瘟疫流行，十名男女在乡村一所别墅里避难。他们终日游玩欢宴，每人每天讲一个故事，共住了十天讲了百个故事，这些故事批判天主教会，嘲笑教会传授黑暗和罪恶，赞美爱情是才华和高尚情操的源泉，谴责禁欲主义，无情暴露和鞭挞封建贵族的堕落和腐败，体现了人文主义思想。

2、Don Quijote de la Mancha

《堂吉诃德》

Don Quijote de la Mancha is a long anti-chivalric novel by the Spanish writer Cervantes Saverdella published in two parts, 1605 and 1615. At the time of the story, the knight had been extinct for more than a century, but the protagonist Alonso Guihano, because of his addiction to knightly novels, often fantasized that he was a medieval knight, and then proclaimed himself the guardian of the Ramantha region, pulling his neighbor Sancho Pansha as his servant, doing heroic deeds, wandering the world, and committing all kinds of unbelievable acts that were contrary to the times and unbelievable, resulting in walls everywhere. But eventually woke up from the dream. He died when he returned to his hometown.

《堂吉诃德》是西班牙作家塞万提斯·萨维德拉于1605年和1615年分两部分出版的长篇反骑士小说。故事发生时，骑士早已绝迹一个多世纪，但主角阿隆索·吉哈诺却因为沉迷于骑士小说，时常幻想自己是个中世纪骑士，进而自封为拉曼却地区的守护者，拉着邻居桑丘·潘沙做自己的仆人，“行侠仗义”、游走天下，做出了种种与时代相悖、令人匪夷所思的行径，结果四处碰壁。但最终从梦幻中苏醒过来。回到家乡后死去。

三、Words Focus

1、But thy eternal summer shall not fade

《你的长夏永不会凋落》

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day

Thou art more lovely and more temperate

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May

And summer's lease hath all too short a date

我怎么能够把你来比作夏天

你不独比他可爱也比他温婉

狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践

夏天出赁的期限又未免太短

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines

And often is his gold complexion dimmed

And every fair from fair sometime declines

By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed

天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈

他那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽

给机缘或无常的天道所摧折

没有芳艳不终于凋残或销毁

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st

Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade

但你的长夏将永远不会凋落

也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊

When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see

So long lives this and this gives life to thee

当你在不朽的诗里与时同长

只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛

这诗将长在，并且赐给你生命

2、I wandered lonely as a cloud

《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host of golden daffodils;

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

我孤独地漫游，像一朵云

在山丘和谷地上飘荡，

忽然间我看见一群

金色的水仙花迎春开放，

在树荫下，在湖水边，

迎着微风起舞翩翩。

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the Milky Way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of a bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，

在银河里闪闪发光，

它们沿着湖湾的边缘

延伸成无穷无尽的一行；

我一眼看见了一万朵，

在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。

The waves beside them danced, but they

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:

A poet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company:

I gazed -and gazed -but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought:

粼粼波光也在跳着舞，

水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；

与这样快活的伴侣为伍，

诗人怎能不满心欢乐！

我久久凝望，却想象不到

这奇景赋予我多少财宝——

For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.

每当我躺在床上不眠，

或心神空茫，或默默沉思，

它们常在心灵中闪现，

那是孤独之中的福祉；

于是我的心便涨满幸福，

和水仙一同翩翩起舞。

四、World Culture

1、German beer culture

德国啤酒文化

Germany is the world's largest consumer of beer, Germans love to drink beer, so Germany has formed a special beer culture - with a long history, ancient legends and various brewing methods, as well as exclusive festivals and dances.

德国是世界上啤酒消耗量最大的国家，德国人酷爱喝啤酒，因此德国形成了一种特殊的“啤酒文化”——有悠久的历史、古老的传说和各式酿制方法，还有专属的节庆和舞蹈。

In Bavaria, Germany's most famous beer country, beer has a history of existence almost as old as the local history, dating back to the Roman era BC. Some nearly 3000 year old beer containers have been found in Kulmbach in northern Bavaria.

在德国最著名的啤酒之乡巴伐利亚，啤酒存在的历史几乎和当地的历史一样悠久，可以追溯到公元前的古罗马时代。人们在巴伐利亚北部的库姆巴赫发现了一些有将近3000年历史的盛啤酒容器。

It is said that because the monks could not eat meat during the Lenten fasting 6 weeks before Easter every year, they allowed the barley juice to ferment naturally, eventually producing a high-alcohol drink and using it as a substitute for the Lenten meal.

据说，由于当时每年复活节前6周的四旬斋期间，修士们不能吃肉，他们便任由“大麦汁”自然发酵，最终生成了一种高酒精度的饮料，并将它作为四旬斋餐饮的代替品。

In Germany, there is a saying that beer and Bavaria are there, because there is no place in the world where beer consumption can match Bavaria. Bavaria has 11 million inhabitants, and the average annual beer consumption per person is 230 liters, in other words, every Bavarian, both men, women and children, drinks half a liter of beer per day. For this reason, many say that drinking beer is a 'favorite leisure activity' of the Germans, and the Bavarians are among the best.

在德国，有种“啤酒与巴伐利亚”的说法，因为世界上再没有哪个地方的啤酒消耗量可以媲美巴伐利亚。巴伐利亚有1100万居民，每个人的年平均啤酒消耗量为230升，换句话说，每个巴伐利亚人,无论男女老少,每天要喝半升啤酒。因此，许多人说“喝啤酒是德国人‘最爱的休闲活动’，而巴伐利亚人是个中翘楚。

Since Germans regard drinking as a daily compulsory course, various taverns, taverns, and inns are like stars in the sky. Munich alone, with a population of 1 million, has more than 3,000 beer halls that are packed every day. People don't just drink at mealtimes, they drink almost anytime, anywhere. There are beer parks almost everywhere in Germany, and as soon as the sun is shining, people flock to beer parks to enjoy nature.

由于德国人将喝酒视为每天的“必修课”，各种酒馆、酒屋、小客栈便多似天上的星星。仅人口100万的慕尼黑就有3000多个每天都座无虚席的啤酒馆。人们也不只是进餐时才喝酒，几乎是随时随地喝。德国各地几乎都有“啤酒公园”，只要太阳一露脸，人们就蜂拥至啤酒公园，尽情享受一下大自然。

2、Japanese tea ceremony culture

日本茶道文化

From the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese tea drinking custom was introduced to Japan, and in the Song Dynasty, Japan began to plant tea trees and make tea. But it was not until the Ming Dynasty that a unique Japanese tea ceremony was truly formed.

从唐代开始，中国的饮茶习俗就传入日本，到了宋代，日本开始种植茶树，制造茶叶。但要一直到明代，才真正形成独具特色的日本茶道。

Among them, the master is Senritsu, who clearly put forward harmony, respect, purity, and silence as the basic spirit of the Japanese tea ceremony, requiring people to reflect on their own thoughts through tea drinking in the tea room, communicate with each other's thoughts, and remove their inner dirt and each other's mustard in the silence to achieve the purpose of peace and respect.

其中集大成者是千利休他明确提出 “和、敬、清、寂”为日本茶道的基本精神，要求人们通过茶室中的饮茶进行自我思想反省，彼此思想沟通，于清寂之中去掉自己内心的尘垢和彼此的芥蒂，以达到和敬的目的。

When tea first arrived in Japan, it was a complete luxury, only royalty, nobles and a few high-ranking monks could enjoy it, and the tea ceremony was regarded as an elegant advanced culture and was limited to the imperial family, and the content and form were strongly imitated by the Tang Dynasty.

茶在刚刚传到日本的时候完全属于奢侈品，只有皇族，贵族和少数高级僧侣才可以享受，茶道被当做一种高雅的先进文化而局限在皇室周围，内容和形式都极力模仿大唐。

Since the Kamakura period, it has become increasingly common to be ideologically influenced by the Notes on the Health of Eating Tea, and it has become increasingly common to revere tea as a panacea. The rapid development of tea cultivation has also created favorable conditions for tea to enter the homes of ordinary people, and during this time, tea drinking activities have gradually spread to the people with temples as the center.

自镰仓时代开始，在思想上受到《吃茶养生记》的影响，将茶尊奉为灵丹妙药的情况越来越普遍。而茶叶种植的高速发展也为茶走入平民家创造了有利条件，这段时间，饮茶活动以寺院为中心开始逐渐普及到民间。

Unlike the Chinese method of fermenting tea, Japanese tea naturally dries the steamed tea leaves and grinds them into a powder, which is called matcha tea. By the Muromachi period, tea farmers in Kiuchi held tea tasting parties in order to rate tea, and this tea rally developed into an entertainment for many people to taste tea, and the original tea ceremony ceremony was developed.

与中国发酵茶叶的方法不同，日本茶将蒸过的茶叶自然干燥，研成粉末，这样的茶叶就称为“抹茶”。到室町时代，畿内的茶农为了对茶叶评级而举行品茶会，由这种茶集会发展成为许多人品尝茶叶的娱乐活动，并发展了最初的茶道礼仪。

播音主持：李依珊 张志军 濮未熠

责任编辑：王铭杨 王秋含 孙晟楠

责任审核：王若冰