Leisure time第五期

一、 News Spot Light

1、New Swiss regulations

瑞士新规

Recently, the Swiss government has taken measures to alleviate the energy crisis plaguing Europe. People who violate government heating regulations this winter could be fined or even imprisoned.

近日，瑞士政府已采取措施缓解困扰欧洲的能源危机。报道称，今年冬天违反政府取暖规定的人可能会被处以罚款甚至监禁。

According to the new regulation, the heating temperature of rooms in buildings with gas heating systems must not exceed 19 degrees Celsius. Hot water heating must not exceed 60 degrees Celsius, and the use of radiant heaters is prohibited. The swimming pool and sauna must also be kept cold.

根据这项新规，安装燃气供暖系统的建筑物内的房间供暖温度不得超过19摄氏度。热水加热不得超过60摄氏度，禁止使用辐射式加热器。游泳池和桑拿浴室也必须保持低温。

People who violate the rules could face fines of up to 180 daily penalty units or end up behind bars for three years. A daily rate in this case can amount to between 30 and 3,000 Swiss francs, depending on the severity of the violation and the economic circumstances of the perpetrator, the daily added.

违反规定的人或将面临最高180天的罚款，或三年监禁。违规行为的单日罚款金额在30至3000瑞士法郎之间。具体罚款金额将根据居民违规行为的严重程度及其个人的经济状况决定。

2、Japan developed borderless bread

日本研制出无边面包

Recently, a Japanese company recently released a white crust milk bread that it hopes will curb the practice of removing the crust when making sandwiches.

近日，一家日本公司最近推出了一款白边牛奶面包，希望以此遏制在制作三明治时去掉面包边的行为。

Tokyo Chef Sugimoto and his team at the Imperial Hotel Co., Ltd. spent six months developing an innovative type of bread that they claim eliminates the need to get rid of the crust. People have been coming up with all sorts of ways to recycle bread crusts in order to curb food waste, but Sugimoto’s idea was to create a crust that didn’t have to be discarded in the first place.

东京主厨杉本和他在帝国酒店的团队花了6个月时间研制出一款新式面包，据称能免除去边的需要。一直以来人们想出各种办法来回收面包边以遏制食物浪费，但是杉本的想法是制作出一款原本就不必丢弃的面包边。

While crusted sandwiches do exist, the general perception is that the fluffy, white part of Japanese shokupan milk bread is tastier than the brown crust. This perception dates back to a time long ago when the crust was harder to chew through, but things are definitely a lot different today. The crust is nice and soft, but people still seem to prefer crusted sandwiches. That results in a lot of food waste, but one company hopes to change that with an innovative white crust shokupan bread.

尽管也存在带面包边的三明治，但是大众普遍认为日式牛奶吐司松软的白色部分比棕色面包边更好吃。这一观念要追溯到很久以前，那时候面包边很硬，但现在情况大不相同了。如今的面包边细腻柔软，但是人们似乎还是更喜欢去掉面包边的三明治。结果就导致大量食物浪费，于是一家公司希望能通过新创的白边日式牛奶吐司来改变这一现状。

二、Book in Your Life

1、Anna Karenina

《安娜·卡列尼娜》

Anna Karenina is a representative work of the famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. Through the two threads of the heroine Anna's pursuit of love tragedy and Levin's reform and exploration in the face of the crisis in the countryside, this book depicts the vast and colorful picture of Russia from Moscow to the provincial countryside, and describes more than 150 characters successively, which is a social encyclopedic work.

《安娜·卡列尼娜》是俄国著名作家列夫·托尔斯泰的代表作品。本书通过女主人公安娜的追求爱情悲剧，和列文在农村面临危机而进行的改革与探索这两条线索，描绘了俄国从莫斯科到外省乡村广阔而丰富多彩的图景，先后描写了150多个人物，是一部社会百科全书式的作品。

2、John Christophe

《约翰·克利斯朵夫》

John Christopher is a novel that reflects a series of contradictions and conflicts in real society through the protagonist's life experience, and promotes humanism and heroism. The novel describes the protagonist's life of struggle, from the awakening of his musical talents in childhood, to the contempt and resistance to the powerful in his youth, to the pursuit and success of his career as an adult, and finally to the lofty realm of spiritual tranquility.

《约翰·克利斯朵夫》是一部通过主人公一生经历去反映现实社会一系列矛盾冲突，宣扬人道主义和英雄主义的长篇小说。小说描写了主人公奋斗的一生，从儿时音乐才能的觉醒、到青年时代对权贵的蔑视和反抗、再到成年后在事业上的追求和成功、最后达到精神宁静的崇高境界。

三、Words Focus

1、A Broken Appointment

《一次失约》

You did not come,

And marching Time drew on, and wore me numb.

Yet less for loss of your dear presence there

Than that I thus found lacking in your make

That high compassion which can overbear

Reluctance for pure lovingkindness' sake

Grieved I, when, as the hope-hour stroked its sum，

You did not come.

你没有来，

而时光却沙沙地流去，使我发呆。

倒不是惋惜失掉了相见的甜蜜，

是因为我由此看出你的天性

缺乏那种最高的怜悯——尽管不乐意，

出于纯粹的仁慈也能成全别人，

当指盼的钟点敲过，你没有来，

我感到悲哀。

You love me not.

And love alone can lend you loyalty:

I know and knew it. But, unto the store

Of human deeds divine in all but name，

Was it not worth a little hour or more

To add yet this: Once you, a woman, came

To soothe a time-torn man; even though it be

You love me not.

你并不爱我，

而只有爱情才能使你忠诚于我；

我明白，早就明白。但费一两小时

使除名义外全然圣洁的人类行为

又为何不增添一件好事：

你，作为一个女人，曾一度抚慰

一个为时光折磨的男人，即便说

你并不爱我。

2、That Time Of Year Thou Mayst In Me Behold

《在我身上你或许会看见秋天》

That time of year thou mayst in me behold

When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang

Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,

bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.

In me thou see'st the twilight of such day

as after sunset fadeth in the west;

which by and by black night doth take away,

death's second self, that seals all up in rest.

在我身上你或许会看见秋天，

当黄叶，或尽脱，或只三三两两

挂在瑟缩的枯枝上索索抖颤——

荒废的歌坛，那里百鸟曾合唱。

在我身上你或许会看见暮霭，

它在日落后向西方徐徐消退：

黑夜，死的化身，渐渐把它赶开，

严静的安息笼住纷坛的万类。

In me thou see'st the golwing of such fire,

that on the ashes of his youth doth lie,

as the death-bed whereon it must expire,

consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.

This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,

to love that well which thou must leave ere long.

在我身上你或许会看见余烬，

它在青春的寒灰里奄奄一息，

在惨淡灵床上早晚总要断魂，

给那滋养过它的烈焰所销毁。

看见了这些，你的爱就会加强，

因为他转瞬要辞你溘然长往。

四、World Culture

1、Indigenous culture in Australia

澳大利亚的土著文化

Aboriginal Australians are Aboriginal Australians who settled on the Australian continent more than 40,000 years ago. Completely cut off from the rest of the world, they make their living hunting and gathering. In the eighteenth century, Europeans came here and forced the natives to leave their territory. Many natives felt isolated in white society, but they still struggled to preserve the individuality of their tribes. Indigenous Australians were the earliest inhabitants of Australia, they had no fixed settlements, they were scattered throughout Australia, and before the Europeans occupied Australia, there were more than 500 tribes numbering as many as 750,000.

澳大利亚土著是于四万多年前定居澳大利亚大陆的澳洲原住民。他们与世界上的其它地方完全隔绝，以打猎和采集为生。十八世纪时，欧洲人来到这里，强迫土著人离开他们的领土。许多土著在白人社会里感到孤立，但他们仍努力维护他们部族的个性。 澳大利亚土著人是澳大利亚最早的居民，他们没有固定的居住点，分散在整个澳大利亚，在欧洲人占领澳大利亚之前，共有 500 多个部落，人数达七十五万之多。

Indigenous peoples have traditionally made their living by hunting and gathering. They belonged to a nomadic population with a wide nomadic area, setting up temporary tents near water sources and moving again when food ran out. They traded with other tribes and exchanged goods such as spears. Indigenous people make a living by hunting animals such as kangaroos, supplemented by wild plants, nuts, berries, etc. Hunters use spears with stone knives and flying machines – darts that fly back to the throwing place. Some tribes developed complex sign language so that they could quietly track down their prey to convey a silent message.

土著人传统上以打猎和采集为生。他们属于游牧人口，游牧地域很广，在水源附近搭起临时帐篷，食物耗尽后便再次迁移。他们与别的部落进行贸易，交换商品，如矛等。土著人靠猎取袋鼠等动物为生，以野生植物、坚果、浆果等为辅助食物。狩猎者使用装有石刀的矛和飞去来器——一种可飞回投掷处的镖。有些部落发展了复杂的手势语，这样他们在悄悄地追踪猎物可以传达无声信息。

The earliest Aboriginal people came to Australia during the most recent subglacial period, when sea levels were low, so they were able to reach it via land bridges and small patches of water. As glaciers melt and sea levels rise again, the continent is completely isolated. Initially, people settled along the coast and rivers. Later, he gradually moved to various parts of the mainland.

最早的土著居民在最近的—次冰期时来到澳大利亚，当时的海平面较低，故他们能够通过大陆桥和小片的水域来到这里。随着冰川消融，海平面再次上升，该大陆被完全隔离。最初，人们沿海岸和河流而定居．后来逐渐移居到大陆各地。

2、African food culture

非洲的饮食文化

In many parts of Africa, everyone can not use tables and chairs to eat, compared to the East is used to using chopsticks and Westerners like to use knives and forks, Africans eat by hand. During the meal, everyone forms a circle and grabs the meal in front of them with their right hand. In contrast to the clean and sharp African pilaf, people like us who do not belong to the African continent will certainly be at a loss when eating. So before that, everyone should be mentally prepared. Moreover, when eating, everyone must not sprinkle food on the ground, which is a taboo for Africans, so be careful when eating.

在非洲很多地方，大家吃饭都是用不上桌椅的，相对于东方人习惯于用筷子而西方人喜欢使用刀叉，非洲人吃饭是用手抓的。吃饭的时候大家围成一个圈，用右手抓食自己面前的饭菜。对比于非洲人手抓饭的干净利索，像我们这些不属于非洲大陆的人来说吃饭的时候肯定会无所适从。所以在此之前大家可要做好心理准备。再者，在吃饭的时候，大家千万不能将饭菜撒到地上，这一点可是非洲人的忌讳，所以吃饭的时候要小心翼翼。

In Africa, the elders are honored, and when the elders leave, the juniors have to wait quietly, and if they leave, they must salute their parents. Here, the guest is at his disposal, and the guest waits for the host to finish eating before they can leave together. There are also strict etiquette for eating in many places, and even the things to eat have strict rules. For example, if you eat chicken, when the family eats chicken neck chicken liver and chicken head chicken feet and chicken wings are reserved for children. At some large banquets, guests and men ate beef and women ate offal, which were cooked separately.

在非洲长者为尊，在长者离开的时候，晚辈们要静静地等候，要是离席的话，必须向父母行礼才可以。在这里客随主便，客人要等主人吃完饭才能一起离开。在不少地方吃饭也有着严格的礼仪，甚至吃的东西都有严格的规定。比如，吃鸡的话，当家人吃鸡脖鸡肝而鸡头鸡爪和鸡翅则是给孩子留的。在一些大型的宴会上，宾客和男人们吃的是牛肉而妇女则是吃杂碎，这些都是要分开煮食的。

In Africa's food culture, wine is indispensable, Africans love wine, and privately brewed wine is very popular in the countryside. In Africa, the only thing the government allows for sale and drinking is a local wine called Bussa. The scene of drinking Busa is very spectacular, several people even to dozens of people together to insert their own three or five meters long pipe into the jar, everyone drink and talk together, how happy and how cheerful.

非洲的饮食文化里酒是不能缺的，非洲人爱酒，私人酿制的酒在乡村可是很流行的。在非洲，政府唯一允许销售饮用的便是一种叫做布萨的土酒。喝布萨的场景可是很壮观的，好几个人甚至到几十个人一起把自己携带的三五米长的管子插到坛子了，大家一起边喝边聊，要多畅快有多畅快。

播音主持：刘  婷 王佳颖 濮未熠 冯卓玲

责任编辑：王秋含 孙晟楠 王铭杨

责任审核：王若冰