Leisure time第十一期
一、The Wider World
1、Manufacturing PMI firms up
制造业PMI连续9个月扩张
China's manufacturing and service sector activities remained in the expansion zone for nine straight months as the country continued its recovery from the economic fallout of COVID-19.
我国制造业和服务业活动指数已连续9个月扩张，显示我国经济正从新冠疫情造成的影响中稳定恢复。
The purchasing managers' index (PMI) for China's manufacturing sector came in at 52.1 in November, up from 51.4 in October and representing the highest level of the year, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Monday.
11月30日，国家统计局发布数据显示，11月中国制造业采购经理指数(PMI)为52.1%，比上月上升0.7个百分点，创下今年以来的新高。
A reading above 50 indicates expansion, while a reading below reflects contraction.
PMI高于50表示经济扩张，低于50则反映经济萎缩。
The "marked growth" of the November PMI, together with improvements in all sub-indexes, indicated greater vitality in the country's manufacturing sector and a faster pace of recovery, Zhao said.
11月份PMI显著增长，且各项分类指数普遍改善，显示我国制造业市场活力进一步增强，恢复性增长明显加快。
2、Web celebrity promotes tourism
丁真走红带热家乡旅游
A young man whose good looks and innocent smile have turned him into an internet celebrity has sparked a surge in interest in his hometown among tourists.
一个因帅气外表和纯真笑容而在网络走红的年轻人带热了游客们对其家乡的兴趣。
Ctrip, an online travel agency, said that after a video of Tamdrin, a 20-year-old ethnic Tibetan man from Litang county in Sichuan province's Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture, went viral online last month, the number of searches for Litang soared.
上月，四川省甘孜藏族自治州理塘县20岁藏族小伙丁真因一条视频走红，在线旅行社携程的数据显示，丁真家乡理塘的搜索量激增。
On Ctrip's website, searches for Litang started going up on Nov 20. In the week from Nov 23 through Sunday, the search average shot up 620% from the previous week, and was four times greater than during the National Day holiday in October.
携程平台上11月20日起"理塘"的搜索量开始上升，11月23日至29日，"理塘"搜索量较前一周猛增620%，是国庆假期搜索量的4倍。
Tamdrin has now been hired by Litang Culture Tourism and Sport Investment Development Co to promote tourism for the county.
丁真如今已经成为理塘县文旅体投资发展有限公司的员工，为理塘县做旅游推广。
3、More jobs on offer
2021国考开考竞争激烈
Nearly 1.58 million people were expected to have sat for China's annual national civil service exam on Sunday, competing for 25,700 government jobs that include a large number of positions targeting new college graduates and those intending to work at grassroots institutions, putting the average chance of landing a government job next year at about one in 61.
11月29日，中央机关及其直属机构2021年度考试录用公务员笔试正式开考。本次国考计划招录2.57万人，其中包括大量面向应届毕业生的岗位和基层工作岗位。近158万人通过用人单位的资格审查，平均竞争比达到61:1。
In recent years, the hotly contested exam has offered more job opportunities for new college graduates and sought to encourage more job seekers to take grassroots positions.
近年来，竞争激烈的国考为大学毕业生提供了更多岗位，并鼓励更多的求职者到基层工作。
The administration said nearly 60% of new government jobs for 2021 are reserved for fresh graduates, with most positions at the city or lower levels open exclusively to applicants who will graduate next year.
国家公务员局表示，2021年的招录职位中，60%左右的岗位面向应届生，其中地市级职位主要面向应届毕业生。
Over 8,300 jobs are located in western provinces or remote and less-developed regions. Prospective applicants for those positions do not have to meet as many requirements related to their areas of study and work experience.
此外，有8300余个岗位计划补充到西部和艰苦边远地区县(区)级及以下直属机构，并采取降低学历要求、放宽专业条件、不限制工作年限和经历等措施降低进入门槛。
二、Charming Slang
英语俚语是英语中用于非正式场合的常用语言，幽默风趣，地域性强。但很多时候，我们听到英语俚语时，往往无法理解其中的意思，这就需要我们在平时生活中不断学习与积累。今天我们就带领大家开启英语俚语的学习之旅。
1、clamp down on加强取缔
例句：The police are clamping down on drunk drivers.
警方加强取缔酒后开车。
2、say what 你说什么？
例句：Say what? I didn’t hear what you said.
你说什么？我没听到。
3、run something by again重复某事务
例句：Can you run that by again? I didn’t quite understand your last point.
请再说一遍好吗？最后一点我听不太懂。
4、rub elbows 交际，接触
例句：It’s important for you to go to these parties and rub elbows with everyone.
参加这些晚会与大家接触接触是很重要的。
5、off the top of one's head 不假思索，马上
例句：I can't tell you the information off the top of my head. I'll have to look it up.
我没办法告诉你这个消息，我得查一下。
6、be caught dead 献丑，出洋相
例句：I wouldn't be caught dead in that ugly outfit.
我才不要穿那样难看的衣服献丑呢！
7、out of whack坏了
例句：This phone is out of whack. You can’t dial out.
这个电话坏了，拨不出去。
8、bleeding heart老好人
例句：The liberal candidate was accused by his conservation opponent of being a bleeding heart on welfare issues.
自由派候选人在福利问题上被保守派对手斥为老好人。
9、big picture（事情的）主要部分
例句：Concentrate on the big picture for now. Don’t worry about the minor details.
先把精神集中在重点上，不要担心次要的细节。
10、fake someone out骗过某人
例句：The quarterback faked the other team out by keeping the ball instead of passing it.
四分卫持球不传，骗过了敌队。
三、Life of Studying Abroad
Introduction to studying abroad in Italy
意大利留学生活介绍
1. Education
Although the enrollment rate of Italian schools does not match the enrollment rate of formal schools, it does not mean that you need to enroll in Italian schools in accordance with the enrollment rate of Chinese schools Certificate and language standards and other requirements. Italian education system has a characteristic, most professors change schools every 2-3 years to ensure the average quality of teaching. Moreover, Italy will also give foreign students a relatively high amount of financial aid. As long as the application materials are up to standard and the credits are enough, they can get it. Even the registration fee of the school is free. Therefore, the trend of studying abroad in Italy is increasing year by year.
1.教育
意大利留学意大利的教育不是产业化，很多需要专业匹配度以及公立学校不收学费，虽然和中国政府有计划生协议，但也不是滥竽充数随便招生，也都是要通过正规途径参加考试才能入学的，进入学校的学习也不是说进去了就是保险箱，要毕业也是需要你出勤率保证以及语言达标等等要求。意大利人教育系统有个特点，大部分教授每2-3年会换学校去教学，保证教学质量的平均。而且意大利还会给外国学生比较高额的助学金，只要申请的材料达标以及学分修够，就可以拿到，连学校的注册费都免了。所以意大利留学逐年呈上升趋势。
2. Employment
After graduation from Italy, especially after graduation from design, you have learned two skills, one is Italian, the other is design. So all of these directions are likely to turn into your job. Or in Italian. Like translation, tourism, studying abroad. There are also many design categories, such as advertising, products and we media. We should say that the direction is broader. In fact, the problem of employment has always been a problem all over the world. It takes ability and time to find a good job.
2.就业
从意大利毕业之后，特别是设计类毕业以后，其实你学到的是两门技术，一个是意大利语，一个是设计。那么所有关于这两个的方向都有可能转变成你的工作。能用得到意大利语的地方，或者说有关意大利的。像翻译，旅游，留学这些。设计类也很多，像广告，产品，自媒体，应该说方向更广。其实就业问题一直是全世界的问题，要找到一份好工作需要能力和时间。
3. Life
It's no exaggeration to say that you may not know what life is until you arrive in Italy. You can say it's slow or lazy, but you can't say it doesn't understand life. In China, the social atmosphere is busy, anxious and stressed. But believe me, what you experience in Italy must be the most life like life. A cup of coffee and croissant will wake you up at 9-10 a.m. and go to work or school. On the way, you have time to chat and relax for coffee. A day's working hours are not long, foreigners do not know what is overtime. Every July to August is a paid vacation, and every beach is overcrowded. Do not work in a slow, relaxed degree, perhaps is the most normal rhythm. After all, people don't live just to work or study. I think the root of why foreigners don't look bullied is that they consciously live.
3.生活
毫不夸张的说，到了意大利也许你才知道什么是生活。你可以说它慢或者懒，但你却不能说它不懂生活。在中国，社会氛围就是很忙碌，焦虑，压力十足。但是相信我，你在意大利体验到的一定是一段最像生活的生活。早上9-10点一杯咖啡和羊角面包唤醒你，慢悠悠去上班或者上学。中途你有时间和别人闲聊放松喝咖啡。一天工作时间也不长，国外人是不知道什么是加班的。每年的7-8月都是带薪休假，每个海滩都是人满为患。做事不紧不慢，松弛有度，或许才是最正常的节奏吧。毕竟人活着不是只是为了工作或者学习的。国外人为什么没有一脸被欺负过的样子，我想根源就是他们有意识地在生活。
What's more, the threshold for studying in Italy is really low. If the materials meet the requirements, they can go quickly in the same year. If they choose the planned students, they can sign with zero language basis. Therefore, many candidates will choose Italy as their first choice.
还有就是意大利留学的门槛低，材料符合的情况下，可以迅速当年走，选择计划生可以零语言基础过签，所以很多考生会第一选择是意大利。
四、Poetry Roamer
The Road Not Taken
——Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth
Then took the other, as just as fair
And having perhaps the better claim
Because it was grassy and wanted wear
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden10 black
Oh, I kept the first for another day
Yet knowing how way leads on to way
I doubted if I should ever come back
I shall be telling this with a sigh11
Somewhere ages12 and ages hence
Two roads diverged in a wood
I took the one less traveled by
And that has made all the difference
未选择的路
——罗伯特·弗罗斯特
黄色的树林里分出两条路，
可惜我不能同时去涉足，
我在那路口久久伫立，
我向着一条路极目望去，
直到它消失在丛林的深处。
但我却选了另外一条路，
它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，
显得更诱人、更美丽，
虽然在这两条小路上，
都很少留下旅人的足迹，
虽然那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，留下一条路等改日再见！
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，
恐怕我难以再回返。
也许多少年后在某个地方，
我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，
一片树林里分出两条路，
而我选了人迹更少的一条，
因此走出了这迥异的旅途。
五、Different Winds
满族是一个善于博收外来文化并融汇创新的民族。在长期的历史发展中，满族形成了富有民族特色的风俗文化，满族岁时风俗，多与汉族相近，但又保持着不少满族特色。今天就让我们一起来学习一下满族的节日习俗吧。
Kaishan Festival is a blessing activity for Manchu people to collect herbs and get a good harvest after the Mid Autumn Festival in autumn or mid September of the lunar calendar. In the past, the Manchu villages in Northeast China had to face Changbai Mountain every year for blessing and praying, thanking the mountain god for their rich gifts to the herb gatherers. At this time, the ginseng collected in this period should be sacrificed in their own shrines.
开山节是满族人民在每年秋季中秋以后，或农历九月中旬为采集草药获得丰收而进行的祝福活动。在过去，东北满族村落中每年开山节都要面对长白山，进行祝福祷告，感谢山神给予采药人的丰富恩赐，再这一时期采到的人参则要供奉在自家的神龛中。
Tiancang Festival is a festival of Manchu, Han and other nationalities. It is on the 25th of the first month. Manchu's tiancang festival began in Qing Dynasty. The main significance of tiancang Festival is to pray for a good harvest. Manchu people attach importance to tiancang Festival, which marks an important change from fishing and hunting to farming.
添仓节是满族、汉族等民族的节日，时间是正月廿五。满族人过添仓节始于清代。添仓节的主要意义在于祈求丰收。满族人重视添仓节，标志着满族人以渔猎为主体的生产方式向以农耕为主体的生产方式的重要转变。
The time of the insect King's Day is the sixth day of June. On the day of the festival, one person from one household went to the insect king temple to worship, kill pigs and offer sacrifices. He begged the insect Lord to avoid disasters and ensure a good harvest in the field. Today, there is no longer a sacrifice for the insect King's day, but families should dry their clothes on this day to prevent insects from eating.
虫王节的时间是六月初六，节日当天一户出一人到虫王庙朝拜，杀猪祭祀，求虫王爷免灾，保证地里有一个好收成。如今不再举行虫王节祭祀活动，但家家要在这一天晾晒衣物，以防虫蛀。
播音主持：赵婷婷 田金桐 王怡鑫 王振康 王瑞雪
责任编辑：郭 华 陈嘉咏 张佳卉