Leisure Time
一、Outside the Four Seas
1.日本研制出万能人造血
Scientists in Japan have developed "artificial blood" that could, in theory, be transfused into patients regardless of their blood type.
日本科学家研制出了一种"人造血液"，从理论上讲，这种血液可以输入任何血型的病人体内。
According to the journal Transfusion, the artificial blood can mimic and fulfill the functions of biological blood, primarily the storage and transport of oxygen, if a body is suffering from severe blood loss during surgery or after trauma.
据《输血》期刊报道，如果患者在手术期间或创伤后出现严重失血，这种人造血液可以模拟和实现生物血液的功能，主要是储存和运输氧气。
"It is difficult to stock a sufficient amount of blood for transfusions in such regions as remote islands," said the study author Manabu Kinoshita, an associate professor of immunology at the National Defense Medical College. "The artificial blood will be able to save the lives of people who otherwise could not be saved."
这项研究的作者、日本国防医学院免疫学系副教授Manabu Kinoshita表示："在偏远的岛屿等地区，很难储存足够的供血。这种人造血液将能够挽救那些濒死之人的生命。"
2.国际学生评估项目2018测试结果发布
The latest 2018 Program for International Student Assessment, hosted every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No.1 in all three core subjects of reading, science and mathematics.
2018年国际学生评估项目(PISA)测试结果显示，我国北京、上海、江苏、浙江四省市15岁学生在阅读、科学、数学三个核心科目中排名第一。
They are followed by students from Singapore and China's two special administrative regions - Macao and Hong Kong.
PISA测试由经济合作与发展组织发起组织，每三年进行一次。排名紧随其后的分别是来自新加坡、澳门以及香港特别行政区的学生。
The top OECD countries were Estonia, Canada, Finland, and Ireland.
测试成绩排名靠前的经合组织成员国为爱沙尼亚、加拿大、芬兰和爱尔兰。
The OECD's PISA 2018 tested around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions on reading, science, and mathematics. The main focus was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers.
2018年PISA共测试了79个国家和地区约60万名15岁学生的阅读、科学及数学能力，其中阅读为主要考查科目。大部分学生在计算机上答题。
3.俄罗斯被禁止参加大型国际赛事
The World Anti-Doping Agency on Monday banned Russia from major global sporting events in the next four years including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and 2022 World Cup in Qatar after accusing Moscow of falsifying data from an anti-doping laboratory.
12月9日因指控莫斯科反兴奋剂实验室数据造假，世界反兴奋剂机构宣布，禁止俄罗斯在未来四年参加所有大型国际赛事，其中包括2020年东京奥运会、2022年北京冬奥会，以及2022年卡塔尔世界杯。
Under the sanctions, the Russian flag and anthem are also prohibited from being displayed at major events.
根据禁令规定，俄罗斯的国旗和国歌也不得在大型赛事中展示。
If the bans are ultimately enforced, Russian athletes who can prove they are untainted by the doping scandal will be able to compete compete under a neutral flag.
如果禁令最终得以实施，俄罗斯运动员在能够证明自己没有卷入兴奋剂丑闻的情况下，可以使用中立旗帜参加比赛。
二、Hot Words
最近，国家语言资源监测与研究中心发布了“2019年度十大网络用语”。本次发布的十个网络用语依次为：不忘初心；道路千万条，安全第一条；柠檬精；好嗨哟；是个狼人；雨女无瓜；硬核；996；14亿护旗手；断舍离。让我们来听听其中的几个热词吧。
1、不忘初心
remain true to the original aspiration
“不忘初心”意思是不忘记最初的心愿。
习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中庄严宣告：
“中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。”
The original aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists are to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.
其实，每个人都有一颗初心的种子，都应当寻找初心、牢记初心、保持初心，为实现自己的小目标努力奋斗，为实现中国梦添砖加瓦。
2.柠檬精 green with envy
“柠檬精”字面意思是柠檬成精，指很喜欢酸别人，嫉妒别人（be jealous of someone）。现多用于自嘲式地表达对他人从外貌到内在、从物质生活到情感生活的多重羡慕（envy someone for his/her good looks, wealth or love life）。
在英语里，green这个词经常用来表达“嫉妒、羡慕”等意思，除了green with envy以外，还有莎士比亚作品中多次出现过的green-eyed monster。
例：
Chad is heading off to Spain for the week, and I'm green with envy.
查德这周要去西班牙，我酸了。
3.雨女无瓜 none of your business
这个谐音梗出自电视剧《巴啦啦小魔仙》，剧中游乐王子的扮演者操着一口迷之口音，普通话非常不标准。原本的台词“与你无关”，从他的口中说出来便成了“雨女无瓜”。于是便有网友制作了表情包在社交平台上进行调侃。
类似的口头禅还有：
“你怎么这个亚子”（你怎么这个样子）
Why the hell are you doing this?
“要泥寡”（要你管）
Leave me alone！
4.硬核 hardcore
该词最早指说唱音乐（hip hop music/rap music）的一种形式，被认为更具有力量感。后引申为“核心部分、中坚分子”，有厉害、霸气之义。如：硬核技术（hardcore technology）指很关键、很核心的技术；说某人很硬核（someone is hardcore）可以指对方很强硬、很彪悍，跟“是个狼人”有点类似。
例：
He is the hardcore engineer here -- we cannot do without him.
他是我们这的硬核工程师，没他可不行。
5.断舍离 simplifying life
一种生活态度，意思是把那些
必需、不合适、过时的东西统统断绝、舍弃，并切断对它们的眷恋（discard everything that is unnecessary, outdated or ill-suited and liberate yourself from it），“断舍离”之后才能过简单清爽的生活。
例：
I'm simplifying my life lately, dumping tons of unwanted things.
我最近正在断舍离，扔了好多不要的东西。
The Voice of Art
该片段是电影《闪电狗》中，猫咪Mittens一直欺凌鸽子，强迫鸽子将食物分给他，鸽子们为反抗，欺骗闪电狗，Mittens就是他要找的猫咪的故事。
咪咪:Right on time, Saul. Come on in. Okay, Saul, nice work. Let`s find some mustard next time. Okay, babe?
真准时，沙尔，进来吧。好，沙尔，做得好。下次想办法找芥末酱来好吗？
沙尔:Yes, Mittens. Thank you. Mittens.
是，咪咪。谢谢你，咪咪。
咪咪:Oh~Is that an everything bagel, Ted? Attaboy~
呵呵，那是综合口味的贝果吗，泰德？真厉害。
泰德:Good day, Mittens.
你好，咪咪。
咪咪:Louie? What is this?
路易斯？这是什么？
路易斯:It was a slow week. That`s half of what I got.
这。。这个星期的成绩不好，这是其中的一半。
咪咪:You hear this. Louie? I`m starving here. And when the old stomach starts talking, it ain`t talking to me. It`s talking to the claws.
听到了吗？路易斯，我饿得要命。当我这个肚子开始讲话的时候，他可不是跟我哦。他的对象是，，爪子。
路易斯:Not the claws! Please.
别用爪子，拜托！
咪咪:I`m holding these bad boys back, best I can, but, thing is, it`s not up to me. The stomach`s got a direct line to these babies and I`m picking up a lot of chatter. So, I`ll talk to the claws, but in exchange, next week all your food comes to me.
我已经在尽量阻挡这些坏孩子了，问题是我没有决定权啊。我的肚子跟这些宝贝有一只热线电话呢。我听到了很多闲话喔。好吧，我会跟爪子谈谈的。交换条件是。下星期你找到的食物全是我的。
路易斯:But that`s not our deal. I bring you half, you give me protection. That`s our deal.
可是，我们的约定不是这样啊。我分你一半，你要负责保护我。那。。那是我们的约定。
咪咪:Yeah, well, the deal just expired. Now get lost.
对啊，不过。。那个约定失效了。给我滚吧。
路易斯:Mark my words, Mittens. One day someone`s gonna stand up to you. Someone`s gonna teach you a lesson.
给我记住，咪咪。我相信将来一定会有人反抗你。他。他一定会给你一个教训。
咪咪:Yeah. I`m really scared now.
好，吓死我了。
闪电狗:You should be!
应该的。
咪咪:Okay! Yeah!
啊！好！你！
闪电狗:Where is she?
他的人呢？
咪咪:eh....Who?
额。。 谁？
闪电狗:You know why I`m here. Where is she?
你知道我来的目的。他人呢？
咪咪:Okay, okay. Look, buddy. I..I don`t know what you`re getting at, but..
好啦，好啦，听着，兄弟。我。。。不知道你在说什么。。
沙尔:Come on, Mittens. Just tell the guy where she is. Tell the dog, make him happy.
快点，咪咪。把他的下落告诉这个家伙。告诉这只狗，让他开心。
路易斯:Yeah, yeah, come on, Mittens. Tell him!
对啊，对啊，快点，咪咪，告诉他。
咪咪:haha..Joey, Vinnie, Bobby, my boys! Would you tell the crazy canine that he`s got the wrong cat?
乔伊！威尼！巴比！好朋友！麻烦你们跟这只疯狗说，他找错猫了？
威尼:You got her, pal.
你找对了，老兄。
乔伊:That`s her.
就是他。
威尼:She`s the one.
错不了。
乔伊:That is definitely the right cat.
你要找的绝对是这只猫。
闪电狗:Looks like we`re gonna do this the hard way.
看来你是要逼我来硬的了
四、Today in History
《关于联合国气候变化框架公约的巴黎协定》通过
The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, signed in 2016. The agreement's language was negotiated by representatives of 196 state parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Le Bourget, near Paris, France, and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015. As of November 2019, 195 UNFCCC members have signed the agreement, and 187 have become party to it.
《巴黎协定》是2016年签署的《联合国气候变化框架公约》范围内的一项协议，涉及温室气体减排、适应和融资。该协定的措辞是196个缔约国的代表在法国巴黎附近的勒布尔热举行的《气候公约》缔约方第21次会议上谈判达成的，并于2015年12月12日以协商一致方式通过。截至2019年11月，已有195个《气候公约》成员国签署了该协定，187个成员国成为该协定的缔约国。
The Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels; and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 °C, recognizing that this would substantially reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.
《巴黎协定》的长期气温目标是将全球平均气温增幅保持在远低于工业化前水平2℃的水平；并努力将增幅限制在1.5℃，同时认识到这将大大减少气候变化的风险和影响。
This should be done by peaking emissions as soon as possible, in order to "achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases" in the second half of the 21st century. It also aims to increase the ability of parties to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and make "finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development."
这应该通过尽快达到排放峰值来实现，以便在21世纪下半叶“实现温室气体人为源排放量和汇清除量之间的平衡”。它还旨在提高缔约方适应气候变化不利影响的能力，并使“资金流动符合实现低温室气体排放和气候适应性发展的途径”
Under the Paris Agreement, each country must determine, plan, and regularly report on the contribution that it undertakes to mitigate global warming. No mechanism forces a country to set a specific emissions target by a specific date, but each target should go beyond previously set targets.
根据《巴黎协定》，每个国家必须确定、计划并定期报告其为减缓全球变暖所作的贡献。没有任何机制强迫一个国家在特定日期前设定一个比排放量目标，但每一个目标都应超出先前设定的目标。
五、Song Time
《Uptown Funk》
《Uptown Funk》是美国创作型歌手布鲁诺·马尔斯、英国音乐制作人马克·容森配合说唱的一首歌曲。该歌曲充满“击勾”技巧的贝斯弹奏，以及丰富的合成器效果，与众多上世纪80年代早期的Funk或R&B经典金曲遥相呼应整首弥漫着复古气。
《Hall of Fame》
《Hall of Fame》是爱尔兰著名Piano Rock乐队The Script演唱的一首歌曲。该歌曲的主题是追寻你的梦想，世界因你而改变，充满励志元素的音符与触动人心的节奏一拍即合，结合黑人音乐风格、嘻哈和节奏蓝调的乐种概念，组合出极具风格的旋律，拓展你的视听领域。
播音主持：王瑞雪 贾文璐 赵婷婷
责任编辑：闫 婷 郭 华
责任审核：郭元硕 盛春玲